This section examines the instruments the KGB used to conduct active measures abroad, the overt and covert channels through which Soviet intelligence shaped foreign opinion. These included propaganda outlets such as news agencies and broadcasters, front organizations and friendship societies, cultivated journalists and agents of influence, and forged documents planted through intermediaries. The KGB’s First Chief Directorate managed this work through its Service A, which coordinated with the Communist Party’s International Department. Entries describe each tool, how it was run, and documented examples of its use.
